Add division.py with divide_numbers function and zero division validation (fixes #13845)

This module provides a function to perform division with error handling for zero denominator, making it user-friendly for beginners.

Author: Aravind30648

maths/division.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+"""
+Division Algorithm with input validation for zero denominator.
+
+This module provides a function to perform division with proper
+error handling for edge cases, especially for beginners learning
+algorithms.
+"""
+
+
+def divide_numbers(a: int | float, b: int | float) -> float:
+    """
+    Divide two numbers with validation for zero denominator.
+
+    This function performs division of 'a' by 'b' with explicit validation
+    to raise a ValueError when attempting to divide by zero. This makes the
+    function more user-friendly and helps beginners understand error handling.
+
+    Args:
+        a: The dividend (numerator)
+        b: The divisor (denominator)
+
+    Returns:
+        float: The result of dividing a by b
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If b (denominator) is zero
+
+    Examples:
+        >>> divide_numbers(10, 2)
+        5.0
+        >>> divide_numbers(7, 2)
+        3.5
+        >>> divide_numbers(5, 0)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+        ValueError: Cannot divide by zero. Please provide a non-zero denominator.
+    """
+    if b == 0:
+        raise ValueError("Cannot divide by zero. Please provide a non-zero denominator.")
+    return a / b