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remove trailing whitespace
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intro.tex

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@@ -1347,7 +1347,7 @@
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depends on what, use the \texttt{-v} option. macOS does not have \texttt{ldd},
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use \texttt{otool -L} instead.
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\item What libraries are eventually used when running the program could be
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different from what \texttt{ldd} shows. For example,
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different from what \texttt{ldd} shows. For example,
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one could use the \texttt{LD\_PRELOAD} mechanism. For that reason,
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Solaris has a \texttt{pldd} command which provides the library dependencies for
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a running process. For an example on \texttt{LD\_PRELOAD} with \texttt{gcc}:
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\begin{verbatim}
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$ cc coredump.c
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$ ./a.out
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$ ./a.out
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Segmentation Fault (core dumped)
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$ dbx ./a.out core
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Reading a.out
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char *const \emph{argv}[],}\\
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\>\texttt{const char *\emph{optstring});}\\
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\texttt{extern char *\emph{optarg};}\\
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\texttt{extern int \emph{optind}, \emph{opterr}, \emph{optopt};}
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\texttt{extern int \emph{optind}, \emph{opterr}, \emph{optopt};}
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\end{tabbing}
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]]])
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\begin{itemize}
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\item the function receives command line parameters and processes and returns
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one option. If a given option has an argument, it is set in the
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\texttt{optarg} variable.
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\item when all options are processed, it returns -1 and the \texttt{optind}
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\item when all options are processed, it returns -1 and the \texttt{optind}
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variable contains the index of first unprocessed argument of the program.
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\item possible options are passed in the \texttt{optstring} string.
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If an option has mandatory argument, its character is followed by '\texttt{:}'
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\begin{itemize}
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\item a \emsl{process} is a system object characterized by its context,
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identified by a unique number (\emsl{process ID},
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\emsl{PID}); in other words \uv{code and data in memory}
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\emsl{PID}); in other words \uv{code and data in memory}
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\item a \emsl{thread} is a system object that exists inside a process and
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is characterized by its state. All threads within a single process share
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the same memory area sans registers and stack; \uv{line of execution},
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\uv{what is running}
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\uv{what is running}
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\item a \emsl{program} is a file with a precisely defined format that contains
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instructions, data and service information needed for execution;
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\uv{executable file on disk}
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\end{itemize}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item[$\circ$] \emsl{memory} is assigned to \emsl{processes}.
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\item[$\circ$] \emsl{memory} is assigned to \emsl{processes}.
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\item[$\circ$] \emsl{processors} are assigned to \emsl{threads}.
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\item[$\circ$] threads of single process can run on different processors.
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\end{itemize}

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