Gracefully handle invalid paths csv regex in conf/args

Fix 'ignore-paths', in particular, but others using this function too.

Closes #9680

Author: Pierre-Sassoulas

doc/whatsnew/fragments/9680.bugfix

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Impossible to compile regexes for paths in the configuration or argument given to pylint won't crash anymore but
+raise an argparse error and display the error message from ``re.compile`` instead.
+
+Closes #9680

pylint/config/argument.py

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def _py_version_transformer(value: str) -> tuple[int, ...]:
 
 
 def _regex_transformer(value: str) -> Pattern[str]:
-    """Return `re.compile(value)`."""
+    """Prevents 're.error' from propagating and crash pylint."""
     try:
         return re.compile(value)
     except re.error as e:
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ def _regexp_paths_csv_transfomer(value: str) -> Sequence[Pattern[str]]:
     patterns: list[Pattern[str]] = []
     for pattern in _csv_transformer(value):
         patterns.append(
-            re.compile(
+            _regex_transformer(
                 str(pathlib.PureWindowsPath(pattern)).replace("\\", "\\\\")
                 + "|"
                 + pathlib.PureWindowsPath(pattern).as_posix()

tests/config/functional/toml/issue_9680/bad_regex_in_ignore_paths.32.out

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+usage: pylint [options]
+pylint: error: argument --ignore-paths: Error in provided regular expression: project\\tooling_context\\**|project/tooling_context/** beginning at index 27: multiple repeat

tests/config/functional/toml/issue_9680/bad_regex_in_ignore_paths.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Check that we report regex error in configuration file properly
+[tool.pylint."main"]
+ignore-paths = ['project/tooling_context/**']