feat(multiagent): allow callers of swarm and graph to pass kwargs to executors (#816)

* feat(multiagent): allow callers of swarm and graph to pass kwargs to executors

---------

Co-authored-by: Nick Clegg <nac542@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Aditya Bhushan Sharma <bhushanaditya71@gmail.com>

Author: 3 people

src/strands/multiagent/base.py

@@ -84,15 +84,35 @@ class MultiAgentBase(ABC):
     """
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def invoke_async(self, task: str | list[ContentBlock], **kwargs: Any) -> MultiAgentResult:
-        """Invoke asynchronously."""
+    async def invoke_async(
+        self, task: str | list[ContentBlock], invocation_state: dict[str, Any] | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> MultiAgentResult:
+        """Invoke asynchronously.
+
+        Args:
+            task: The task to execute
+            invocation_state: Additional state/context passed to underlying agents.
+                Defaults to None to avoid mutable default argument issues.
+            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments passed to underlying agents.
+        """
         raise NotImplementedError("invoke_async not implemented")
 
-    def __call__(self, task: str | list[ContentBlock], **kwargs: Any) -> MultiAgentResult:
-        """Invoke synchronously."""
+    def __call__(
+        self, task: str | list[ContentBlock], invocation_state: dict[str, Any] | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> MultiAgentResult:
+        """Invoke synchronously.
+
+        Args:
+            task: The task to execute
+            invocation_state: Additional state/context passed to underlying agents.
+                Defaults to None to avoid mutable default argument issues.
+            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments passed to underlying agents.
+        """
+        if invocation_state is None:
+            invocation_state = {}
 
         def execute() -> MultiAgentResult:
-            return asyncio.run(self.invoke_async(task, **kwargs))
+            return asyncio.run(self.invoke_async(task, invocation_state, **kwargs))
 
         with ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
             future = executor.submit(execute)

src/strands/multiagent/graph.py

@@ -385,18 +385,42 @@ def __init__(
         self.state = GraphState()
         self.tracer = get_tracer()
 
-    def __call__(self, task: str | list[ContentBlock], **kwargs: Any) -> GraphResult:
-        """Invoke the graph synchronously."""
+    def __call__(
+        self, task: str | list[ContentBlock], invocation_state: dict[str, Any] | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> GraphResult:
+        """Invoke the graph synchronously.
+
+        Args:
+            task: The task to execute
+            invocation_state: Additional state/context passed to underlying agents.
+                Defaults to None to avoid mutable default argument issues.
+            **kwargs: Keyword arguments allowing backward compatible future changes.
+        """
+        if invocation_state is None:
+            invocation_state = {}
 
         def execute() -> GraphResult:
-            return asyncio.run(self.invoke_async(task))
+            return asyncio.run(self.invoke_async(task, invocation_state))
 
         with ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
             future = executor.submit(execute)
             return future.result()
 
-    async def invoke_async(self, task: str | list[ContentBlock], **kwargs: Any) -> GraphResult:
-        """Invoke the graph asynchronously."""
+    async def invoke_async(
+        self, task: str | list[ContentBlock], invocation_state: dict[str, Any] | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> GraphResult:
+        """Invoke the graph asynchronously.
+
+        Args:
+            task: The task to execute
+            invocation_state: Additional state/context passed to underlying agents.
+                Defaults to None to avoid mutable default argument issues - a new empty dict
+                is created if None is provided.
+            **kwargs: Keyword arguments allowing backward compatible future changes.
+        """
+        if invocation_state is None:
+            invocation_state = {}
+
         logger.debug("task=<%s> | starting graph execution", task)
 
         # Initialize state
@@ -420,7 +444,7 @@ async def invoke_async(self, task: str | list[ContentBlock], **kwargs: Any) -> G
                     self.node_timeout or "None",
                 )
 
-                await self._execute_graph()
+                await self._execute_graph(invocation_state)
 
                 # Set final status based on execution results
                 if self.state.failed_nodes:
@@ -450,7 +474,7 @@ def _validate_graph(self, nodes: dict[str, GraphNode]) -> None:
             # Validate Agent-specific constraints for each node
             _validate_node_executor(node.executor)
 
-    async def _execute_graph(self) -> None:
+    async def _execute_graph(self, invocation_state: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         """Unified execution flow with conditional routing."""
         ready_nodes = list(self.entry_points)
 
@@ -469,7 +493,7 @@ async def _execute_graph(self) -> None:
             ready_nodes.clear()
 
             # Execute current batch of ready nodes concurrently
-            tasks = [asyncio.create_task(self._execute_node(node)) for node in current_batch]
+            tasks = [asyncio.create_task(self._execute_node(node, invocation_state)) for node in current_batch]
 
             for task in tasks:
                 await task
@@ -506,7 +530,7 @@ def _is_node_ready_with_conditions(self, node: GraphNode, completed_batch: list[
                     )
         return False
 
-    async def _execute_node(self, node: GraphNode) -> None:
+    async def _execute_node(self, node: GraphNode, invocation_state: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         """Execute a single node with error handling and timeout protection."""
         # Reset the node's state if reset_on_revisit is enabled and it's being revisited
         if self.reset_on_revisit and node in self.state.completed_nodes:
@@ -529,11 +553,11 @@ async def _execute_node(self, node: GraphNode) -> None:
                 if isinstance(node.executor, MultiAgentBase):
                     if self.node_timeout is not None:
                         multi_agent_result = await asyncio.wait_for(
-                            node.executor.invoke_async(node_input),
+                            node.executor.invoke_async(node_input, invocation_state),
                             timeout=self.node_timeout,
                         )
                     else:
-                        multi_agent_result = await node.executor.invoke_async(node_input)
+                        multi_agent_result = await node.executor.invoke_async(node_input, invocation_state)
 
                     # Create NodeResult with MultiAgentResult directly
                     node_result = NodeResult(
@@ -548,11 +572,11 @@ async def _execute_node(self, node: GraphNode) -> None:
                 elif isinstance(node.executor, Agent):
                     if self.node_timeout is not None:
                         agent_response = await asyncio.wait_for(
-                            node.executor.invoke_async(node_input),
+                            node.executor.invoke_async(node_input, **invocation_state),
                             timeout=self.node_timeout,
                         )
                     else:
-                        agent_response = await node.executor.invoke_async(node_input)
+                        agent_response = await node.executor.invoke_async(node_input, **invocation_state)
 
                     # Extract metrics from agent response
                     usage = Usage(inputTokens=0, outputTokens=0, totalTokens=0)

src/strands/multiagent/swarm.py

@@ -237,18 +237,42 @@ def __init__(
         self._setup_swarm(nodes)
         self._inject_swarm_tools()
 
-    def __call__(self, task: str | list[ContentBlock], **kwargs: Any) -> SwarmResult:
-        """Invoke the swarm synchronously."""
+    def __call__(
+        self, task: str | list[ContentBlock], invocation_state: dict[str, Any] | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> SwarmResult:
+        """Invoke the swarm synchronously.
+
+        Args:
+            task: The task to execute
+            invocation_state: Additional state/context passed to underlying agents.
+                Defaults to None to avoid mutable default argument issues.
+            **kwargs: Keyword arguments allowing backward compatible future changes.
+        """
+        if invocation_state is None:
+            invocation_state = {}
 
         def execute() -> SwarmResult:
-            return asyncio.run(self.invoke_async(task))
+            return asyncio.run(self.invoke_async(task, invocation_state))
 
         with ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
             future = executor.submit(execute)
             return future.result()
 
-    async def invoke_async(self, task: str | list[ContentBlock], **kwargs: Any) -> SwarmResult:
-        """Invoke the swarm asynchronously."""
+    async def invoke_async(
+        self, task: str | list[ContentBlock], invocation_state: dict[str, Any] | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> SwarmResult:
+        """Invoke the swarm asynchronously.
+
+        Args:
+            task: The task to execute
+            invocation_state: Additional state/context passed to underlying agents.
+                Defaults to None to avoid mutable default argument issues - a new empty dict
+                is created if None is provided.
+            **kwargs: Keyword arguments allowing backward compatible future changes.
+        """
+        if invocation_state is None:
+            invocation_state = {}
+
         logger.debug("starting swarm execution")
 
         # Initialize swarm state with configuration
@@ -272,7 +296,7 @@ async def invoke_async(self, task: str | list[ContentBlock], **kwargs: Any) -> S
                     self.execution_timeout,
                 )
 
-                await self._execute_swarm()
+                await self._execute_swarm(invocation_state)
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception("swarm execution failed")
                 self.state.completion_status = Status.FAILED
@@ -483,7 +507,7 @@ def _build_node_input(self, target_node: SwarmNode) -> str:
 
         return context_text
 
-    async def _execute_swarm(self) -> None:
+    async def _execute_swarm(self, invocation_state: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         """Shared execution logic used by execute_async."""
         try:
             # Main execution loop
@@ -522,7 +546,7 @@ async def _execute_swarm(self) -> None:
                 # TODO: Implement cancellation token to stop _execute_node from continuing
                 try:
                     await asyncio.wait_for(
-                        self._execute_node(current_node, self.state.task),
+                        self._execute_node(current_node, self.state.task, invocation_state),
                         timeout=self.node_timeout,
                     )
 
@@ -563,7 +587,9 @@ async def _execute_swarm(self) -> None:
             f"{elapsed_time:.2f}",
         )
 
-    async def _execute_node(self, node: SwarmNode, task: str | list[ContentBlock]) -> AgentResult:
+    async def _execute_node(
+        self, node: SwarmNode, task: str | list[ContentBlock], invocation_state: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> AgentResult:
         """Execute swarm node."""
         start_time = time.time()
         node_name = node.node_id
@@ -583,7 +609,8 @@ async def _execute_node(self, node: SwarmNode, task: str | list[ContentBlock]) -
             # Execute node
             result = None
             node.reset_executor_state()
-            result = await node.executor.invoke_async(node_input)
+            # Unpacking since this is the agent class. Other executors should not unpack
+            result = await node.executor.invoke_async(node_input, **invocation_state)
 
             execution_time = round((time.time() - start_time) * 1000)
 

tests/strands/multiagent/test_base.py

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def __init__(self):
             self.received_task = None
             self.received_kwargs = None
 
-        async def invoke_async(self, task, **kwargs):
+        async def invoke_async(self, task, invocation_state, **kwargs):
             self.invoke_async_called = True
             self.received_task = task
             self.received_kwargs = kwargs

tests/strands/multiagent/test_graph.py

@@ -1285,3 +1285,55 @@ def multi_loop_condition(state: GraphState) -> bool:
     assert result.status == Status.COMPLETED
     assert len(result.execution_order) >= 2
     assert multi_agent.invoke_async.call_count >= 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_graph_kwargs_passing_agent(mock_strands_tracer, mock_use_span):
+    """Test that kwargs are passed through to underlying Agent nodes."""
+    kwargs_agent = create_mock_agent("kwargs_agent", "Response with kwargs")
+    kwargs_agent.invoke_async = Mock(side_effect=kwargs_agent.invoke_async)
+
+    builder = GraphBuilder()
+    builder.add_node(kwargs_agent, "kwargs_node")
+    graph = builder.build()
+
+    test_invocation_state = {"custom_param": "test_value", "another_param": 42}
+    result = await graph.invoke_async("Test kwargs passing", test_invocation_state)
+
+    kwargs_agent.invoke_async.assert_called_once_with([{"text": "Test kwargs passing"}], **test_invocation_state)
+    assert result.status == Status.COMPLETED
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_graph_kwargs_passing_multiagent(mock_strands_tracer, mock_use_span):
+    """Test that kwargs are passed through to underlying MultiAgentBase nodes."""
+    kwargs_multiagent = create_mock_multi_agent("kwargs_multiagent", "MultiAgent response with kwargs")
+    kwargs_multiagent.invoke_async = Mock(side_effect=kwargs_multiagent.invoke_async)
+
+    builder = GraphBuilder()
+    builder.add_node(kwargs_multiagent, "multiagent_node")
+    graph = builder.build()
+
+    test_invocation_state = {"custom_param": "test_value", "another_param": 42}
+    result = await graph.invoke_async("Test kwargs passing to multiagent", test_invocation_state)
+
+    kwargs_multiagent.invoke_async.assert_called_once_with(
+        [{"text": "Test kwargs passing to multiagent"}], test_invocation_state
+    )
+    assert result.status == Status.COMPLETED
+
+
+def test_graph_kwargs_passing_sync(mock_strands_tracer, mock_use_span):
+    """Test that kwargs are passed through to underlying nodes in sync execution."""
+    kwargs_agent = create_mock_agent("kwargs_agent", "Response with kwargs")
+    kwargs_agent.invoke_async = Mock(side_effect=kwargs_agent.invoke_async)
+
+    builder = GraphBuilder()
+    builder.add_node(kwargs_agent, "kwargs_node")
+    graph = builder.build()
+
+    test_invocation_state = {"custom_param": "test_value", "another_param": 42}
+    result = graph("Test kwargs passing sync", test_invocation_state)
+
+    kwargs_agent.invoke_async.assert_called_once_with([{"text": "Test kwargs passing sync"}], **test_invocation_state)
+    assert result.status == Status.COMPLETED

tests/strands/multiagent/test_swarm.py

@@ -469,3 +469,32 @@ def test_swarm_validate_unsupported_features():
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Session persistence is not supported for Swarm agents yet"):
         Swarm([agent_with_session])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_swarm_kwargs_passing(mock_strands_tracer, mock_use_span):
+    """Test that kwargs are passed through to underlying agents."""
+    kwargs_agent = create_mock_agent("kwargs_agent", "Response with kwargs")
+    kwargs_agent.invoke_async = Mock(side_effect=kwargs_agent.invoke_async)
+
+    swarm = Swarm(nodes=[kwargs_agent])
+
+    test_kwargs = {"custom_param": "test_value", "another_param": 42}
+    result = await swarm.invoke_async("Test kwargs passing", test_kwargs)
+
+    assert kwargs_agent.invoke_async.call_args.kwargs == test_kwargs
+    assert result.status == Status.COMPLETED
+
+
+def test_swarm_kwargs_passing_sync(mock_strands_tracer, mock_use_span):
+    """Test that kwargs are passed through to underlying agents in sync execution."""
+    kwargs_agent = create_mock_agent("kwargs_agent", "Response with kwargs")
+    kwargs_agent.invoke_async = Mock(side_effect=kwargs_agent.invoke_async)
+
+    swarm = Swarm(nodes=[kwargs_agent])
+
+    test_kwargs = {"custom_param": "test_value", "another_param": 42}
+    result = swarm("Test kwargs passing sync", test_kwargs)
+
+    assert kwargs_agent.invoke_async.call_args.kwargs == test_kwargs
+    assert result.status == Status.COMPLETED