Reorganize OOP concepts guide with hierarchical structure and per-section TOCs

[Copilot]

The OOP concepts reference guide lacked clear hierarchical organization and navigation structure. All 169 concepts were present but scattered across generic section names without consistent categorization or granular navigation aids.

Changes

Reorganized main table of contents

• Restructured into 14 domain-specific categories (Fundamental Structure, Access Control, Polymorphism, RTTI, Templates, STL, Exception Handling, etc.)
• Split generic "C++ and Java Advanced Concepts" into focused sections: RTTI/Casting, Templates/Generics, and STL
• Added hierarchical bullet lists showing all sub-concepts under each major category

Added per-section navigation

• Each major section now has its own detailed TOC with anchor links
• Sequential numbering (1-169) maintained across all concepts for consistent reference

Fixed capitalization inconsistencies

• Standardized concept titles: "explicit keyword" → "explicit Keyword", "new operator" → "new Operator", etc.
• Applied consistent title-case formatting across all 169 subsections

Structure

## Fundamental Structure and Lifetime

### Table of Contents
1. [Object](#1-object)
2. [Class](#2-class)
...
23. [Garbage Collection](#23-garbage-collection)

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### 1. Object
**Definition:** An instance of a class...

All concepts remain unchanged—only organization and navigation improved.

Original prompt

Ogranize the heading like this format(Fundamental Structure and Lifetime

Object
Class
Member Function
Constructor
Destructor
Copy Constructor
Converting Constructor
explicit keyword
this Pointer
Scope Resolution Operator (::)
Parameterized Constructor
Default Constructor
Constructor Chaining
Constructor/Destructor Order (Inheritance)
Object Lifecycle
Instantiation
Main Class
Main Method
Instance Variable/Method
Static Variable/Method
Anonymous Object
Immutable Object/Class
Garbage Collection

Access Control and Inheritance

Private Member
Public Member
Protected Member
Base Class (Superclass)
Derived Class (Subclass)
Public Inheritance
Private Inheritance
Protected Inheritance
Multiple Inheritance
Virtual Base Class
Single Inheritance
Interface Inheritance
Access Modifiers
Data Field Encapsulation
default (Package-private)
Getter (Accessor) Method
Setter (Mutator) Method
final Modifier

Polymorphism and Virtual Functions

Function Overloading (Method Overloading)
Virtual Function
Pure Virtual Function
Abstract Class
Method Overriding
Compile-Time Polymorphism (Early Binding/Static)
Run-Time Polymorphism (Late Binding/Dynamic)
Dynamic Binding
Polymorphic Call
@OverRide Annotation

Friends and Operators

Friend Function
Operator Overloading
Inserter (<<)
Extractor (>>)
Binary Operator Overloading (Member)
Unary Operator Overloading (Member)
Assignment Operator (=)
Subscript Operator ([])
Relational/Logical Operators
Friend Operator Function
Postfix/Prefix Operators

Memory and Pointers

new operator
delete operator
Reference
Reference Parameter
Object Pointer
Pointers to Derived Classes
Arrow Operator (->)
Dot Operator (.)

Special Functions and Modifiers

In-line Function
const Member Function
mutable keyword
Static Member Variable
Static Member Function
super Keyword

RTTI and Casting

Run-Time Type Identification (RTTI)
typeid operator
dynamic_cast
const_cast
static_cast
reinterpret_cast
Upcasting (Implicit)
Downcasting (Explicit)
instanceof Operator
type_info object

Templates and Generics

Generic Function (Template)
Generic Class (Template Class)
Namespace
using statement
Formal Generic Type
Wildcard Generic Type
Template Instantiation

Standard Template Library (STL)

STL
Containers
Algorithms
Iterators
vector
list
queue
stack
map
Random-access Iterator
Bidirectional Iterator
Forward Iterator
Input Iterator
Output Iterator
size_type
iterator type
value_type

Exception Handling

Exception Handling
try block
throw statement
catch block
Checked Exception
Unchecked Exception
RuntimeException
Error
Chained Exceptions
Throwable

Interfaces and Abstract Classes

Interface
Abstract Method
Interface Contents
Implementation (implements keyword)
Comparable Interface
Cloneable Interface
Marker Interface
Functional Interface
Subinterface
extends keyword

Relationships and Design

Encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Abstraction
Association
Aggregation
Composition
"is-a" Relationship
"has-a" Relationship
"is-kind-of" Relationship
Hierarchical Classification
Code Reusability
Data Hiding
Information Hiding
Class Abstraction

Object Methods and Utilities

equals Method
toString Method
clone() Method
compareTo Method
Wrapper Class
Integer
Double
Autoboxing
Autounboxing

Advanced Features

Inner Class
Anonymous Inner Class
Lambda Expression
UML Class Diagram
State (attributes)
Behavior (methods)
Identity (unique name)
Object Identity
Black Box
Contract (class contract)
No-arg Constructor
Protective Shield
Controlled Interface
Formal Generic Type Parameter
Generic Type Argument) and table of content for each of them. also if any language mistake occur like capitalize or something else correct them too, don't chage the original content, but let me know if any content is wrong.

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