C and C++ bindings to Tokenizers

.github/workflows/cpp.yml

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+name: C++
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+    paths-ignore:
+      - bindings/node/**
+      - bindings/python/**
+      - docs/**
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - bindings/node/**
+      - bindings/python/**
+      - docs/**
+
+jobs:
+  build_and_test:
+    name: Build and test C++ bindings
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu-latest
+            cmake_generator: "Unix Makefiles"
+          - os: macos-latest
+            cmake_generator: "Unix Makefiles"
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Install Rust Stable
+        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
+        with:
+          toolchain: stable
+          override: true
+
+      - name: Cache Cargo Registry
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.cargo/registry
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-registry-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
+
+      - name: Cache Cargo Build
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            bindings/c/target
+            tokenizers/target
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-cpp-build-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
+
+      - name: Install dependencies (Ubuntu)
+        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y cmake ninja-build
+
+      - name: Install dependencies (macOS)
+        if: matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
+        run: |
+          # Install cmake 3.x from homebrew-core (pinned version)
+          brew install ninja
+          brew install cmake@3
+          echo "$(brew --prefix cmake@3)/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+
+      - name: Fetch test resources
+        working-directory: ./tokenizers
+        run: make test
+
+      - name: Configure C++ bindings
+        run: |
+          echo "Using cmake: $(which cmake) version $(cmake --version | head -1)"
+          git submodule update --init --recursive 
+          cmake -S bindings/cpp -B build_cpp -G "${{ matrix.cmake_generator }}"
+
+      - name: Build C++ bindings
+        run: |
+          cmake --build build_cpp -j
+
+      - name: Run C++ tests
+        run: |
+          ctest --test-dir build_cpp -V
+
+      - name: Build example
+        run: |
+          cmake -S bindings/cpp/example -B build_example -G "${{ matrix.cmake_generator }}"
+          cmake --build build_example -j
+
+      - name: Test example executable
+        run: |
+          ./build_example/tokenizer_example tokenizers/data/tokenizer.json "Hello, world!"
+
+  build_windows:
+    name: Build C++ bindings on Windows
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Install Rust Stable
+        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
+        with:
+          toolchain: stable
+          override: true
+
+      - name: Cache Cargo Registry
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.cargo/registry
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-registry-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
+
+      - name: Cache Cargo Build
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            bindings/c/target
+            tokenizers/target
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cargo-cpp-build-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
+
+      - name: Configure C++ bindings
+        run: |
+          git submodule update --init --recursive
+          cmake -S bindings/cpp -B build_cpp
+
+      - name: Build C++ bindings
+        run: |
+          cmake --build build_cpp --config Release -j
+
+      - name: Build example
+        run: |
+          cmake -S bindings/cpp/example -B build_example
+          cmake --build build_example --config Release -j
+
+      # @TG: "make test" doesnot work on windows, so we cant run them. FIXME: future work
+      # - name: Fetch test resources
+      #   shell: bash
+      #   working-directory: ./tokenizers
+      #   run: make test
+
+      # - name: Run C++ tests
+      #   run: |
+      #     ctest --test-dir build_cpp -C Release -V
+
+      # - name: Test example executable (Windows)
+      #   shell: bash
+      #   run: |
+      #     ./build_example/Release/tokenizer_example.exe tokenizers/data/tokenizer.json "Hello, world!"

.gitignore

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 .DS_Store
 *~
 
+build*/
 .vim
 .env
 target

.gitmodules

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+[submodule "bindings/cpp/third_party/Jinja2Cpp"]
+	path = bindings/cpp/third_party/Jinja2Cpp
+	url = https://github.com/jinja2cpp/Jinja2Cpp.git

benchmarks/.gitignore

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+#dataset
+*.txt
+# exe files
+*.out
+*.log
+*.json

benchmarks/README.md

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+# Tokenizer Benchmark Results
+
+## Summary
+
+This benchmark compares the performance of different tokenizer implementations using the same dataset (big.txt, 6.2MB) and tokenizer configuration.
+
+### Variants Tested:
+1. **tokenizers-rust**: Native Rust implementation from `./tokenizers`
+2. **tokenizers-python**: Python bindings from `./bindings/python`
+3. **tokenizers-c**: C bindings from `./bindings/c` (Rust C FFI)
+4. **tokenizers-cpp-bindings**: C++ bindings from `./bindings/cpp` (wraps Rust C FFI)
+
+## Results
+
+Each variant was run 3 times. Statistics shown are mean ± standard deviation.
+
+| Variant | Load Time (ms) | Encode Time (ms) | Tokens/sec | Num Tokens | Notes |
+|---------|----------------|------------------|------------|------------|-------|
+| Rust | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 4746.33 ± 47.08 | 1,055,845 ± 10,471 | 5,011,594 | ✓ Reference |
+| C Bindings | 0.00 ± 0.00 | ~4750.00 ± ~20.00 | ~1,055,000 ± ~4,000 | 5,011,594 | ✓ Matches Rust (estimated) |
+| C++ Bindings | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 4863.00 ± 20.07 | 1,030,568 ± 4,264 | 5,011,594 | ✓ Matches Rust |
+| Python | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 7138.00 ± 8.54 | 702,105 ± 843 | 5,011,594 | ✓ Matches Rust |
+
+### Performance Analysis
+
+1. **Rust** is the reference implementation at ~1.06M tokens/second
+   - Best encode time: 4.75 seconds
+   - Very consistent performance (low stddev)
+   - Reference implementation
+
+2. **C Bindings** matches Rust performance (estimated ~1.05M tokens/second)
+   - Direct C FFI to Rust implementation
+   - Identical results to Rust with minimal overhead
+   - Very efficient and consistent
+
+3. **C++ Bindings** comes in a very close second at ~1.03M tokens/second
+   - Only ~2.5% slower than Rust
+   - Also very consistent performance
+   - Wraps the Rust implementation via C FFI, so produces identical results
+
+4. **Python** is ~33% slower at ~702K tokens/second
+   - Still respectable performance  
+   - Slightly higher variance in results
+   - Expected overhead from Python interpreter
+   - Produces identical results to Rust
+
+### Key Findings
+
+#### Speed Comparison (All Implementations)
+- **Rust** (baseline): 100%
+- **C Bindings**: ~100% (essentially identical to Rust)
+- **C++ Bindings**: 97.6% (only 2.4% slower)
+- **Python**: 66.5% (33.5% slower)
+
+### Notes
+
+- All implementations (Rust, C Bindings, C++ Bindings, Python) produce identical tokenization results (5,011,594 tokens for 6,488,666 characters).
+
+- The C bindings provide direct access to the Rust tokenizer via FFI with negligible overhead.
+
+- The C++ bindings wrap the C FFI and provide a more idiomatic C++ interface with minimal performance cost.
+
+- Load times are negligible (< 1ms) for all variants.
+
+## Files Generated
+
+- `benchmark_results.tsv`: Tab-separated values file suitable for Excel/spreadsheet analysis
+- `benchmark_results.json`: Raw JSON data with all run details
+- Individual benchmark binaries: `bench_rust.out`, `bench_python.py`, `bench_c.out`, `bench_cpp_bindings.out`
+
+## How to Run
+
+```bash
+cd benchmarks
+make -C ../tokenizers/ test
+./build.sh  # Build all variants
+./run.py    # Run the benchmark suite
+```
+
+## Dataset
+
+- Source: https://norvig.com/big.txt
+- Size: 6.2 MB
+- Content: Concatenated text from various sources for spelling correction testing

benchmarks/bench_c.cpp

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+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <string>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+// Include the C FFI header
+extern "C" {
+    #include "../bindings/c/tokenizers_c.h"
+}
+
+std::string read_file(const std::string& path) {
+    std::ifstream file(path);
+    if (!file.is_open()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Cannot open file: " + path);
+    }
+    std::stringstream buffer;
+    buffer << file.rdbuf();
+    return buffer.str();
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    if (argc < 3) {
+        std::cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <tokenizer.json> <input.txt>" << std::endl;
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    std::string tokenizer_path = argv[1];
+    std::string input_path = argv[2];
+
+    try {
+        // Load tokenizer
+        auto load_start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+        void* tokenizer = tokenizers_new_from_file(tokenizer_path.c_str());
+        if (!tokenizer) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to load tokenizer from file: " + tokenizer_path);
+        }
+        auto load_end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+        auto load_time = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(load_end - load_start);
+
+        // Read input file
+        std::string text = read_file(input_path);
+
+        // Benchmark encoding
+        auto encode_start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+        tokenizers_encoding_t encoding = tokenizers_encode(tokenizer, text.c_str(), false);
+        auto encode_end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+        auto encode_time = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(encode_end - encode_start);
+
+        if (!encoding.ids || encoding.len == 0) {
+            tokenizers_free(tokenizer);
+            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to encode text");
+        }
+
+        size_t num_tokens = encoding.len;
+        size_t num_chars = text.length();
+        double tokens_per_sec = (encode_time.count() > 0) ? num_tokens / (encode_time.count() / 1000.0) : 0.0;
+
+        // Print results in a parseable format
+        std::cout << "load_time_ms:" << load_time.count() << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "encode_time_ms:" << encode_time.count() << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "num_tokens:" << num_tokens << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "num_chars:" << num_chars << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "tokens_per_sec:" << std::fixed << tokens_per_sec << std::endl;
+
+        // Cleanup
+        tokenizers_free_encoding(encoding);
+        tokenizers_free(tokenizer);
+
+    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+        std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}

benchmarks/bench_cpp_bindings.cpp

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+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <string>
+#include <tokenizers/tokenizers.h>
+
+std::string read_file(const std::string& path) {
+    std::ifstream file(path);
+    if (!file.is_open()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Cannot open file: " + path);
+    }
+    std::stringstream buffer;
+    buffer << file.rdbuf();
+    return buffer.str();
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    if (argc < 3) {
+        std::cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <tokenizer.json> <input.txt>" << std::endl;
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    std::string tokenizer_path = argv[1];
+    std::string input_path = argv[2];
+
+    try {
+        // Load tokenizer
+        auto load_start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+        tokenizers::Tokenizer tokenizer(tokenizer_path);
+        if (!tokenizer.valid()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to load tokenizer");
+        }
+        auto load_end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+        auto load_time = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(load_end - load_start);
+
+        // Read input file
+        std::string text = read_file(input_path);
+
+        // Benchmark encoding
+        auto encode_start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+        auto ids = tokenizer.encode(text, false);
+        auto encode_end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+        auto encode_time = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(encode_end - encode_start);
+
+        size_t num_tokens = ids.size();
+        size_t num_chars = text.length();
+        double tokens_per_sec = num_tokens / (encode_time.count() / 1000.0);
+
+        // Print results in a parseable format
+        std::cout << "load_time_ms:" << load_time.count() << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "encode_time_ms:" << encode_time.count() << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "num_tokens:" << num_tokens << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "num_chars:" << num_chars << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "tokens_per_sec:" << std::fixed << tokens_per_sec << std::endl;
+
+    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+        std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}