Course followed for Python fundamentals: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLNcg_FV9n7qZGfFl2ANI_zISzNp257Lwn
print()
print(f"{variable}")
\n \t \b \\ \' \" {{ }}
[special character] * x -> "=" * 10
> input()
to_variable = input("Prompt")
// rounded division
int, float, string, bool, NoneType, tuple, list, dict
>type(var) # returns data type of var
> bit_length() # how many bits in binary
> conversions: int(var), str(), float(), bool()
# MATH
> len(string)
> count(string) # counts occurences of string in target string
"""block
string""" # allows for multiline string without \n
# EXAMPLE
text = """
Python is easy to learn.
Python is powerful
Many people love python
"""
print(text.count("python"))
# TRANSFORMATION
> replace("old_string", "new_string")
# CONCATENATION
" " + string_value
# STRING SPLITTING
> split() # splits string on given character and turns it into a list
date.split("-")
# INDEXING / STRING EXTRACTION
[start(included) : end(not included) : step]
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -> negative indexing
h e l l o
0 1 2 3 4 -> positive indexing
# CLEANING WHITESPACES
only left only right
> lstrip() -> " dog " <- rstrip()
> strip() - both left and right
Use strip for user inputs since we don't know where they could enter spaces!
DOESN'T REMOVE SPACES INSIDE STRING
# CLEANING CASES
> lower()
> upper()
> capitalize()
> swapcase()
# SEARCHING
> startswith() # checks if string starts with given string, returns True/False
> endswith() # checks if string ends with given string, returns True/False
> in # searches value in value, returns True/False
> find() # returns the STARTING POSITION of the searched value
# VALIDATION
> isalpha() # checks if string contains only letters
> isnumeric() # checks if string contains only numbers. float numbers (".") are not allowed, "." is a char
# both return True/False
# NUMERIC TYPES
> int()
> float()
> complex(a, b) -> eg. 2 + 5j
# MATH OPERATORS
+
-
*
/
// -> rounded division (floor). int output
% -> remainder. prints leftover. useful for checking if number is even or odd
** -> exponentation. base to power of exponent
# OPERATOR SHORTCUTS
x += 3 --is short for --> x = x + 3
+=
-=
*=
/=
# ROUNDING
> abs() # useful for measuring distance/size. always positive value
to use the functions below:
import math
> floor() # rounds EVERYTHING down
> ceil() # rounds everything up
> round() # rounds everything up OR down TO THE NEAREST EVEN VALUE. round(1.5) is 2 etc.
we can also set amount of decimal spaces for round()
round(value, 3) # 3 decimal spaces
> trunc() # removes decimal spaces without rounding. equivalent of int()
# RANDOM NUMBERS
requires importing random module
import random
> random.random() # generates a random float number
> random.randint(from, to) # generates a random int number in range from to to
# NUMBER VALIDATION
> x.isinteger() # checks if value(of x object) is an int. returns True/False. is a !!class method!!
> isinstance(value, float) # we can check if value is an int or float etc